Many dioceses have gone beyond that definition in implementing safe environment policies. Whether you are an employee or a volunteer in a ministry not involving vulnerable adults, there may still be a policy that requires your attention and action involving protecting vulnerable adults, just as it does with children. Some dioceses utilize the definition of a vulnerable adult provided in the jurisdiction's civil law,3 while others formulate broad and inclusive interpretations of the term and provisions for their policies.
Abuse of the vulnerable encompasses a complex and multidimensional concern. The vulnerabilities experienced—and the variety of abuse—complicate the recognition and prevention of misconduct. A trusting relationship between the perpetrator and the victim presents an opportunistic factor contributing to abuse. In fact, the victim is known to the abuser in some type of pre-existing non-romantic relationship in 87% of incidents involving individuals with learning disabilities. A recent study found that 99% of elderly Americans are at risk of financial abuse and scams.
Taking action
We all have an obligation to protect the vulnerable. Similar to how we protect children, if you see any sign of abuse in a vulnerable adult, you must communicate your concerns to the appropriate authorities.
Possible signs of abuse:
Changes in behavior
Changes to weight or overall health
Bruising, abrasions, broken bones, and other physical injuries
Unexplained change in financial circumstances or assets
Modifications in personal hygiene
Recent anxiety, anger, depression, and confusion
Fear or avoidance of specific persons
Isolation from family or loved ones
The absolute certainty that abuse has occurred is rare; if you observe any signs of maltreatment or have concerns about the welfare of a vulnerable adult, err on the side of caution and report the suspected abuse. Immediately contact your local Adult Protective Services Agency (https://www.napsa-now.org/get-help/help-in-your-area/) to report your suspicion of abuse, or reach out to a local law enforcement agency. As with any suspected abuse, waiting to be absolutely certain that maltreatment has occurred may place the vulnerable in further jeopardy.